Bu Ali Sina University Archaeological Research of Iran 2345-5225 14 41 2024 08 22 Investigating the Development of State Economy under the Ilkhanid Dynasty by Employing John Hicks’ Theory of “Economic History” Investigating the Development of State Economy under the Ilkhanid Dynasty by Employing John Hicks’ Theory of “Economic History” 249 287 5733 10.22084/nb.2024.29198.2670 FA Farzad Feyzi Ph.D. in Archaeology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran 0000-0002-8690-9543 Hamid Khanali Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran (Corresponding Author) 0009-0003-9855-852X Journal Article 2023 11 11 The examination of the economy under the Ilkhanid Dynasty encounters certain limitations when relying on economic theories and archaeological data simultaneously. By considering the perspectives of the adherents of the “Historical School” in general and John Hicks’ theory of “Economic History” in particular, this study categorizes the economy of historical period and the Mongols into three general phases: the “customary economy”, the “military economy,” and the “command economy.” This categorization is further explored through a descriptive-analytical approach and the utilization of a library method to address the following inquiries: What political-military events of the Ilkhanid period coincide with the aforementioned phases? And how do these stages manifest in various aspects of this period? The findings of this research reveal the presence of all stages of this theory during the establishment of the Ilkhanid economy, and their alignment with political and economic developments. In the customary economy, population growth and the emergence of social classes disrupt the natural order and equilibrium. The military economy phase (615–658 AH, 1218–1260 AD) was characterized by a distinct lack of political aims in the creation of new administrations in conquered lands, an incapacity to enforce tribal ways of life, and the prevalence of autocracy at the pinnacle of the power hierarchy. During the period of the feudalistic command economy (658–694 AH, 1259–1294 AD), a notable aspect was the Mongols’ positive outlook on urban lifestyle, despite their significant regard for the Ilkhanate-style horde. Additionally, this era witnessed the emergence of commercial activities alongside a stagnant agricultural sector. During the bureaucratic command economy phase (694–736 AH, 1259–1335 AD), economic concerns took precedence over military considerations. This was evident through the emphasis placed on the development of economy-related architecture and the formation of economic unions among Genghis’s Uluses. The impact of the bureaucratic command economy can be seen in the architectural styles, coinage, and artistic creations of this particular period. The examination of the economy under the Ilkhanid Dynasty encounters certain limitations when relying on economic theories and archaeological data simultaneously. By considering the perspectives of the adherents of the “Historical School” in general and John Hicks’ theory of “Economic History” in particular, this study categorizes the economy of historical period and the Mongols into three general phases: the “customary economy”, the “military economy,” and the “command economy.” This categorization is further explored through a descriptive-analytical approach and the utilization of a library method to address the following inquiries: What political-military events of the Ilkhanid period coincide with the aforementioned phases? And how do these stages manifest in various aspects of this period? The findings of this research reveal the presence of all stages of this theory during the establishment of the Ilkhanid economy, and their alignment with political and economic developments. In the customary economy, population growth and the emergence of social classes disrupt the natural order and equilibrium. The military economy phase (615–658 AH, 1218–1260 AD) was characterized by a distinct lack of political aims in the creation of new administrations in conquered lands, an incapacity to enforce tribal ways of life, and the prevalence of autocracy at the pinnacle of the power hierarchy. During the period of the feudalistic command economy (658–694 AH, 1259–1294 AD), a notable aspect was the Mongols’ positive outlook on urban lifestyle, despite their significant regard for the Ilkhanate-style horde. Additionally, this era witnessed the emergence of commercial activities alongside a stagnant agricultural sector. During the bureaucratic command economy phase (694–736 AH, 1259–1335 AD), economic concerns took precedence over military considerations. This was evident through the emphasis placed on the development of economy-related architecture and the formation of economic unions among Genghis’s Uluses. The impact of the bureaucratic command economy can be seen in the architectural styles, coinage, and artistic creations of this particular period. https://nbsh.basu.ac.ir/article_5733_0a988fc2992add2d3233e19c7aadfdea.pdf