پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران

پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران

بازشناسی پراکندگی سفال لپویی در حوزۀ جغرافیایی زاگرس مرتفع، براساس یافته‌های باستان‌شناختی خانمیرزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
2 گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران (نویسندۀ مسئول).
3 گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
چکیده
قابلیت‌های محیط طبیعی شهرستان خانمیرزا، نظیر در دسترس بودن منابع آب (رودهای دائمی و فصلی)، خاک حاصلخیزو توپوگرافی منطقه از عوامل اثرگذار در شکل‌گیری استقرارهای مهم و شاخص از دوران پیش‌ازتاریخ تا عصر حاضر است.با شروع دورۀ نوسنگی و شکل‌گیری تعاملات منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای و شدت گرفتن آن در دوره‌های بعد به‌خصوص در هزاره‌های پنجم و چهارم، جنوب استان و به‌ویژه منطقۀ خانمیرزا مکان مستعدی برای بررسی و مطالعۀ این ارتباطات و برهمکنش‌های فرهنگی و اقتصادی است. هزارۀ سوم و چهارم، در زاگرس جنوبی (استان فارس کنونی) با اصطلاحی تخصصی‌تر، با نام فرهنگ لپویی معرفی‌شده و به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین مراحل گاهنگاری پیش‌ازتاریخ این مناطق شناخته می‌شود. نتایج منتشر شده از فعالیت‌های میدانی باستان‌شناسانه درخصوص چگونگی زندگی اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی و مذهبی این دوره در نواحی زاگرس‌مرکزی (جنوب استان چهارمحال‌و‌بختیاری) بسیار محدود و در بسیاری از موارد ناقص است. حجم زیادی از اطلاعات موجود درخصوص ویژگی‌های فرهنگ لپویی منطقۀ بختیاری مربوط به گزارشات قدیمی زاگارل است، که از این گزارشات به‌عنوان منبع اطلاعاتی مقالات متعددی استفاده شد. نتایج برخی مقالات منتشرشده با یافته‌های جدید ناهمگونی محسوسی دارد. در این پژوهش قصد داریم با اتکا بر یافته‌های باستان‌شناختی جدید، ضمن معرفی مشخصه‌های سفال لپویی جنوب زاگرس مرتفع، پراکنش و حوزۀ نفوذ و گسترش این فرهنگ را در این محدوده مورد بازنگری قرار دهیم. طبق نتایج بررسی‌های میدانی و مطالعات گونه‌شناسی و طبقه‌بندی یافته‌های فرهنگی (سفال) که یکی از نگارندگان در بخش جنوبی چهارمحال‌و‌بختیاری انجام‌داده است، سفال لپویی در منطقۀ موردمطالعه در دو گروه ظریف و خشن قابل طبقه‌بندی است که طبق مقایسات صورت‌گرفته مشابهت بسیار زیادی با سفال لپویی فارس دارد. باتوجه به یافته‌های سطحی بررسی میدانی از تعداد 27 محوطۀ باستانی، که برخی از آن‌ها دربردارندۀ شواهد استقراری از دورۀ نوسنگی تا دوران اسلامی هستند، سفال شاخص دورۀ لپویی به‌دست آمده است. بنابر نقشۀ موجود درخصوص الگوی پراکنش محوطه‌های لپویی حوزۀ نفوذ فرهنگ لپویی علاوه‌بر منطقۀ فارس (زاگرس جنوبی) تا بخش‌هایی از زاگرس‌مرکزی (مرتفع) و جنوبی‌ترین بخش آن، که هم‌مرز با خوزستان می‌باشد، گسترش یافته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Reassessing the Distribution of Lapui Pottery Across the Highland Zagros: Archaeological Evidence from Khanmirza

نویسندگان English

Saeid Babamir 1
Rahmat Abbasnejad Seresti 2
Mahmood Heydarian 3
Alireza khosrozadeh 3
1 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
چکیده English

The natural environment of Khanmirza County, including access to permanent and seasonal watercourses, fertile soils, and favourable topography, has contributed to the formation of important settlements from prehistoric times to the present. With the onset of the Neolithic and the emergence of regional and interregional networks, which intensified during subsequent periods, particularly in the fifth and fourth millennia BCE, the southern part of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, and Khanmirza in particular, became especially well-suited to investigating these cultural and economic interactions. In the southern Zagros, corresponding broadly to present-day Fars Province, the fourth and third millennia BCE are represented in more specific archaeological terminology by what is known as the Lapui phase, regarded as one of the most important phases in the prehistoric chronology of the region. Published archaeological fieldwork concerning the social, economic, political, and religious dimensions of life during this period in the Central Zagros, particularly southern Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, remains extremely limited and, in many cases, incomplete. Much of the existing information on the characteristics of the Lapui phase in the Bakhtiari region derives from Zagarell’s early reports, which have subsequently served as sources for numerous publications. The conclusions of some of these studies, however, differ markedly from the new archaeological evidence. Drawing on recent archaeological findings, this study characterises Lapui pottery from the southern Highland Zagros and reassesses the distribution, geographical extent, and sphere of influence of the Lapui phase in this region. Field-survey results and the typological study and classification of the ceramic material undertaken by one of the authors in southern Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari indicate that Lapui pottery from the study area can be classified into two groups: fine and coarse wares. Comparative analysis reveals close similarities between these assemblages and Lapui pottery from Fars. Surface collections from 27 archaeological sites, some preserving evidence of occupation from the Neolithic through the Islamic period, yielded diagnostic Lapui pottery. The mapped distribution of Lapui sites indicates that the cultural influence of the Lapui phase extended beyond Fars in the southern Zagros into parts of the Central or Highland Zagros, reaching its southernmost sector along the border with Khuzestan.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Lapui Phase
Khanmirza
Late Chalcolithic Period
Pottery
Highland Zagros
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