Recognize the Manufacturing Method and Study of Corrosion on Ancient metal Samples Excavated in Tepe Qalaichi

Articles in Press

Authors

1 M.A in Conservation of historical object, Faculty of conservation, Art University of Isfahan

2 Associate Professor and member of the academic staff / Isfahan Art University

10.22084/nb.2025.9515.2664

Abstract

The Manneans were tribes who lived in the northwestern parts of Iran in the first millennium BC. The Qalaichi site is based on the discoveries made in Mannaea sites in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Many unauthorized excavations were done in this area first, and after that additional excavations were done in this area by Ismail Yaghmai and Bahman Kargar. From the excavations of this area, 9 pieces of objects have been discovered. The samples belong to the first millennium BC, which include two groups. In the first group, there is a bronze bracelet and a piece of bronze object, and in the second group, there are also seven pieces of metal object. The purpose of this article is to accurately identify these samples in terms of structure and technology and how to make and know the type and process of corrosion and their corrosion products. The research question includes 1) What is the construction method in terms of structure and structure? 2) What are the corrosion products in these samples and how is their stability? 3) How is the process of corrosion and the process of environmental impact on these works? For this purpose, microscopic examinations and the instrumental technique's analysis SEM-EDX, XRD, and metallography were used. The results of the tests showed that all pieces of objects except two samples were made of bronze alloy and two samples of copper. In general, it can be said that the study of the structure and the way of making samples indicates their similarity. The microstructural study showed that cold, hot and annealing work has been done on the samples. SEM-EDX studies were performed. The results obtained from the XRD phase analysis of the corrosion phases of the samples were identified and Corrosion products include Malachite, Nantokite, Cuprite, Brochantite and Piypite.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Archaeological Research of Iran

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 07 September 2025

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics