Reevaluating the architectural pattern of ritual, ceremonial spaces of the Sassanian era (buildings and bas relief complexes) , with an emphasis on the sacred element of water

Articles in Press

Authors

1 Iranian Architectural Studies, Faculty of Architecture, School of Fine Arts, University of Tehran

2 Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran

3 University of Tehran, Fine arts Faculty, School of architecture, Restoration group.

10.22084/nb.2025.28341.2630

Abstract

The architecture of the Sassanid period shaped monuments dedicated to different activities such as royal ceremonies and rituals. Significant works from this era include palaces, fire temples, Anahita temples, which often feature the sacred elements of water and fire. Although studies have addressed architectural elements related to water and fire in Sassanid fire and Anahita temples, less attention has been given to the spatial organization of Sassanid ceremonial and ritual complexes concerning water. This research aims to analyze the architectural model of Sassanid ritual and ceremonial spaces with a focus on water. Specifically, it seeks to answer two important questions: Is there a consistent architectural framework associated with water sources—such as sacred springs and rivers—within Sassanid complexes? Additionally, have key components of Sassanid architecture been influenced by water sources within the overall composition? To address these questions, the research employs a historical-interpretive approach, combined with documentary and field studies, to examine notable Sassanid ritual and ceremonial buildings. These include fire temples, palaces, or hybrid structures (such as the Sassanid complexes at Firouzabad and Takht-e Soleyman), as well as palaces, cities, and associated reliefs. The interpretation of reliefs as readable spaces is based on the concept of human experience through symbolic elements in architecture. The arrangement of various building components is then analyzed in relation to the organization of water resources. The findings reveal that the complexes studied are situated near water sources, with spatial and settlement organization structured around a central axis focused on water. This centrality influences the orientation and placement of key architectural elements, such as iwans in relation to other important elements such as domed hall, secondary iwans, and main portals. The research presents details of recurring patterns that emphasize the role of water as a central feature in Sassanid buildings, drawing from historical, structural, and spatial analyses.

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Main Subjects

pazhoheshha-ye Bastan shenasi Iran

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 20 January 2025

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