Authors
1
University of Tehran, Faculty of Literature
2
Professor,University of Tehran: Tehran, Tehran, IR
3
Assistant professor, Department of Archeology, Faculty of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
4
Professor, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
10.22084/nb.2025.30427.2747
Abstract
The Komishani site is situated adjacent to the Neka to Behshahr road, 10 kilometers west of Behshahr, at the geographical coordinates 36401281 N, 53215511 E. It is situated on a terrace opposite the Komishan Cave and near the Huto and Belt Caves, at an elevation of 45 meters above sea level. During the second season of excavation at the Komishani site, a total of 27 Ground stone were found, Grinding slab, hand stones, mortars, pestles, and hoes. The classification and typology of the Ground stone are often based on morphology, which can only be understood as an emphasis on the intricacies and driving factors in the beginning of things, not their end, and their function and mutual influence on other things that give them meaning and definition.
At the Komishani site, the change, substitution, and co-occurrence of Ground stone indicate the use of mortars and pestles in the lower layers for grinding, crushing, and processing the caught fish and hunted birds alongside plants. Gradually, in the upper layers, the mortars and pestles were replaced by Grinding slab and hand stones for grinding and processing food. Hunter-gatherer societies managed plants, which eventually led to cultivation, production, and the expansion of agriculture, which is also evident in the larger size of the Ground stone. The study of Ground stone has always been linked to agriculture and has been examined in the background. However, recent studies indicate their appearance in earlier periods and their impact on diet, settlement, the tradition of house formation, and even the faster reduction in human molar size.
In the present text, in addition to the initial classification and description, an attempt has been made to show the evolution and substitution of Ground stone at the Komishani site, which is related to the choice and change of livelihood methods of the inhabitants of this site.
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