بررسی الگوی استقراری محوطه‌های دوران تاریخی و اسلامی حاشیۀ غربی بیابان لوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ حفاظت آثار فرهنگی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران (نویسندۀ مسئول).

2 استادیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22084/nb.2023.27969.2601

چکیده

حاشیۀ غربی بیابان لوت، به‌لحاظ موقعیت جغرافیایی ویژه‌اش، از دیرباز نقش مهمی در تبادلات فرهنگی جوامع داشته است. وجود شهر شهداد -متعلق به هزارۀ سوم پیش‌ازمیلاد- در این منطقه، بر اهمیت دشت لوت در مطالعات باستان‌شناسی جنوب‌شرق ایران گواهی می‌دهد؛ بدین‌سبب بود که در سال 1390ه‍.ش. بررسی هدفمند باستان‌شناختی با هدف تعیین الگوی استقراری محوطه‌های دوران تاریخی و اسلامی در حاشیۀ غربی دشت لوت آغاز گردید. دستاورد این بررسی، شناسایی 94 اثر باستانی توسط نگارندگان مشتمل‌بر تپه‌ها، بناها، گورستان‌ها، دستکندها و نگارکندها از هزارۀ پنجم پیش‌ازمیلاد تا دورۀ متأخر اسلامی بود.‌ هدف اصلی پژوهش میدانی، بدان‌دلیل بود تا الگوی استقراری محوطه‌های دوران تاریخی و اسلامی حاشیۀ غربی دشت لوت را معیّن و نقش عوامل زیست‌محیطی و انسانی را در پراکنش محوطه‌ها بازیابی کند؛ در این‌راستا، پرسش اساسی پژوهش عبارت است از: توزیع مکانی و زمانی محوطه‌های باستانی در ادوار تاریخی و اسلامی در این منطقه از کشور چگونه بوده و از چه مؤلفه‌ها و عواملی تأثیر پذیرفته است؟ پس از اتمام بررسی روشمند منطقه مشخص گردید که مجموعاً 72 اثر به ادوار تاریخی و اسلامی و بقیه به دوران پیش‌ازتاریخ تعلق داشتند. هم‌چنین، ضمن معرفی استقرارهای دوران تاریخی و اسلامی حاشیۀ غربی دشت لوت، الگوی پراکنش آن‌ها در پهنۀ‌ فرهنگی بیابانی این‌دشت تحلیل شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که وجود مخروط‌افکنۀ شهداد، شکل طولی حاشیۀ غربی کویر لوت -شمال به شمال‌شرقی- و استمرار نقش ارتباطی منطقه از دوران تاریخی تا قرون متأخر اسلامی بر رشد و توسعۀ سکونت‌گاه‌ها و الگوی استقراری زیستگاه‌ها تأثیر به‌سزایی داشته است. به‌نظر می‌رسد هم‌سو با استقرارهای پیش‌ازتاریخ حاشیۀ غربی کویر لوت، رونق زندگی در ادوار تاریخی و اسلامی نیز برروی مخروط‌افکنۀ شهداد تداوم داشته است؛ اگرچه این تداوم در دوره‌های موردمطالعه به یک‌میزان و کیفیت نبوده است.   

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining the Settlement Patterns of Historical and Islamic Sites in the Western Margins of the Lut Desert

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yadollah Heidari Babakamal 1
  • Nasir Eskandari 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Cultural Materials Conservation, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author).
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The western margins of the Lut Desert have long been a crucial hub for cultural exchange, owing to its distinctive geographical location. Dating back to the third millennium BC, Shahdad stands out as a key site in the archaeological studies of southeastern Iran. In 2011, a focused purposive survey was conducted to unveil the settlement patterns of historical and Islamic sites in the west of the Lut. The study successfully recorded 94 archaeological sites, including sites, architectural structures, cemeteries, troglodytic spaces, and rock art spanning from the 5th millennium BC to the late Islamic centuries. The primary aim of this research is to unravel how environmental and human factors shaped the distribution of these sites over time. The primary focus of the study is to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of ancient sites in the Lut area, as well as the underlying factors shaping this particular pattern. Survey findings revealed that 70 sites were associated with historical and Islamic periods, contrasting with the predominantly prehistoric origins of the others. Furthermore, the research delved into the spatial distribution of historical and Islamic settlements across the cultural landscape of the Lut Desert. It emerged that the Shahdad alluvial fan, stretching along the desert’s western edge from north to northeast, served as a dynamic crossroad facilitating exchange from the historical period to the late Islamic centuries, profoundly impacting the evolution and distribution of settlements in the area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Westen Edge of Lut Desert
  • Historical period
  • Islamic period
  • Ancient sites
  • Archaeological Survey

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پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران
دوره 14، شماره 41
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