Technologies of making stone beads in the urban areas of South Eastern Iran

The urban sites of south eastern Iran in the Bronze Age, proportionately with the adoption of certain technologies, each one were able to pass the stages of growth and expansion. They managed to establish their position in competition with the outside areas of Iranian plateau. Making ornaments of beads and borer technology related to drilling was one of the factors which grew these areas. The finding of drills and different drilling methods shows that each area has had unique techniques. Considering the different types of the found drills in any sites, and interest in a particular type of bead shape, it can be said that each site, furthermore its respective drills, had something in common with other sites. The shapes of drills and tools used in making objects and semi-precious stones based on their increase and abundance in the sites, the geometric shapes of beads in each site according to the remains found, and comparison with the adjacent areas are among the goals of this research. The most important questions on the subject were, what evidence of the type of drills in the bead holes, that there was a special technology of making stone objects in each site? And whether the extensive exchanges of the urbanization period caused the spread of a regional or extra-regional style in relation to stone beads, or did it not have much effect on the exchange of technology? Knowing the specific technologies of making stone beads through the drills used in the shape of bead objects and their abundance in the sites of southeast Iran is one of the necessities of this research. The research method used is based on descriptive and library studies.

Key words: urbanization,eastern Iran, technology, drill, semi-precious stones,