Archaeologists and historians who have studied the Iranian dynasties of ancient times have focused more on the current geographical territory of Iran. In contrast, the geographical region of Mesopotamia has not been studied as extensively. This is even though, throughout centuries of Iranian rule, from the Achaemenid to the end of the Sasanian period, their political capital was Mesopotamia (Babylon/ Asōrestān). One of the most important regions in this geographical region is Erbil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which served as a border region during the Roman/Byzantine and Parthian/Sassanian empires and has always been of interest to these empires due to its strategic and sensitive location. The Romans referred to this region as Adiabene and the Sasanian as Nōdšīragān (Kan). The cultural landscape of this region has been very vague to this day and has often been influenced by the traditions of the official religions of these two empires, namely Zoroastrianism and Christianity. However, archaeological documentation from the region does not confirm this. In the present study, an attempt has been made to draw the cultural landscape of Nōdšīragān based on existing evidence and to shed light on the ambiguities regarding the cultural nature of this geographical area during the Sasanian period. The findings of the study were collected through field studies and the examination of written sources, especially archaeological records, and were evaluated and analyzed using a historical-analytical approach. The results of the present study made it clear that the ancient Mesopotamian culture, especially the Assyrians and the cult of Ishtar, were preserved in this region in a very dynamic and colorful manner until the end of the Sasanian period, and Christianity appeared in this land from the fifth century AD under the influence of the Byzantine Empire, and the Sasanian, for political reasons, indulged in religious tolerance in this region.