Despite their importance, settlement patterns in the Central Zagros highlands during the Old Elamite period (1550-2500 BC) are still not well known. The difficult mountainous areas and the diversity of the natural landscape of the Central Zagros provide challenges and opportunities for studying the existence, resilience, or adaptation of human societies to their natural landscape. In the Central Zagros regions, especially Lordegan County and Miankouh District, archaeological information from the highlands is very limited. Studying the cultural landscape and analyzing the settlement pattern in Lordegan and Miankouh as part of the world of Elamite civilization is important for understanding the socio-cultural and economic dynamics of these societies during the Old Elamite period. This part of the Zagros is geomorphologically a combination of high mountains with deep valleys and alluvial plains that have provided a variety of land uses. The main research question is what settlement patterns can be explained explained to understand and analyze the development and sustainability of the societies of the Old Elamite period in Lordegan and the Miankouh region. The aim also includes determining the relationship between natural factors and the formation and sustainability of settlements, explaining cultural boundaries, and examining the expansion of the influence of the Old Elamite state in the central Zagros highlands. This research is descriptive-analytical and was conducted based on data obtained from systematic surface surveys during four seasons in Lordegan and three seasons in Miankouh. Archaeological data were collected, described, and analyzed using a geographic information system to explain settlement patterns and their relationship with environmental variables. The research data includes archaeological sites and remains from the Old Elamite period in Lordegan and the Miankouh region. The results show that the settlement pattern of Elamite societies was subject to natural environmental variables , and a combined economy of agriculture and animal husbandry, played a key role in the formation and sustainability of settlements.