گزارش یافته‌های نخستین فصل از کاوش در محوطۀ باستانی لالار در حاشیۀ رودخانۀ سیمره (زاگرس‌مرکزی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران (نویسندۀ مسئول).

2 دانشیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، پژوهشکدۀ باستان‌شناسی، پژوهشگاه میراث‌فرهنگی و گردشگری، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار پژوهشکدۀ ابنیه و بافت‌های تاریخی، پژوهشگاه میراث‌فرهنگی و گردشگری، تهران، ایران.

10.22084/nb.2023.27473.2561

چکیده

محوطۀ لالار به مساحت حدوداً 15هکتار در حاشیۀ غربی رودخانۀ سیمره حدفاصل تنگ چم‌قوله و تنگ کافرین واقع شده است؛ این اثر در شهریور سال 1310ه‍.ش. و به فاصلۀ کوتاهی پس از تصویب قانون عتیقات به شمارۀ 5 در فهرست آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است. باوجود سال‌ها فراموشی مطالعۀ این اثر تاریخی بالأخره در سال 1389ه‍.ش. و تنها با هدف نجات‌بخشی، ناشی از غرق‌شدن آن توسط دریاچۀ سد سیمره برای یک فصل مورد کاوش نجات بخشی قرار گرفت. نتایج این کاوش که طی آن 537مترمربع از بخش مرکزی اثر خاکبردای گردید نشان‌داد که این محوطه، بقایایی از یک بافت استقراری تک‌دوره‌ای است که تنها برای مدت‌زمان کوتاهی به یک‌باره ایجاد و به‌زودی هم متروک شده است. بقایای معماری محوطۀ لالار با مصالح قلوه‌سنگ آهکی با ملاط گچ ساخته شده است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش معرفی و ارزیابی کارکرد و قدمت بافت تاریخی محوطۀ باستانی لالار بر اساس شواهد داده‌های باستان‌شناختی و منابع تاریخی است و لذا فراتر از بحث نجات‌بخشی اندکی از اطلاعات موجود در این اثر طرح و پاسخ به این پرسش مهم است که، چه عامل یا عواملی موجب شکل‌گیری و توسعۀ این محوطۀ استقراری وسیع (شهر) در حاشیۀ رودخانۀ سیمره، محصور در ارتفاعات و خارج از مسیر دسترسی به راه‌های اصلی و معابر طبیعی منطقه شده است؟ درمجموع حسب داده‌های به‌دست آمده و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های بوم‌شناختی و جغرافیایی منطقه نشان‌داد که اشتراک سبک‌شناسی و اسلوب معماری به‌کار رفته در این محوطه با دیگر بقایای معماری منسوب به اواخر دورۀ ساسانی تا قرن سوم هجری‌قمری هم‌خوانی و شباهت کامل دارد؛ این اشتراکات علاوه‌بر کاربست و تکنیک‌های معمارانۀ معطوف به‌وجود دیگر داده‌های فرهنگی مانند گونه‌هایی از سفال‌های شاخص اواخر دورۀ ساسانی در این محوطه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Sasanian Architecture at Lalar on the Seymareh River (Central Zagros)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Motarjem 1
  • Mahnaz Sharifi 2
  • Alireza Anisi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. (Corresponding Author).
2 Associate Professor, Iranian Center for Archaeological Research (ICAR), Research Center for Historic Buildings and Cities, Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism (RICHT), Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Research Center for Historic Buildings and Cities, Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism (RICHT), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Spanning an estimated 15 hectares, Lalar is an archaeological site positioned on the western bank of the Seymareh River and halfway between Tang-e Cham Qole and Tang-e Kafarin. The outcomes of the excavation carried out at the site, with a specific focus on around 537 square meters of its central portion, demonstrated the existence of an ephemeral occupation level that was established and absconded shortly after its formation. The exposed architecture is characterized by gypsum-mortared limestone masonry. Apart from a general introduction of the site and a functional and chronological appraisal of the recovered historical contexts at Lalar in light of archaeological evidence and historical sources, the central aims of this research endeavor involve gaining a comprehensive understanding of the various factors that influenced the development of the site located on a riverbank surrounded by mountains and isolated from the main regional routes and natural passes. Furthermore, the study seeks to assess the construction quality of the excavated structures and their connections with architectural elements found in coeval sites within the region. In total, the characteristics of the discovered cultural material and the evaluation of the regional ecological and geographical features indicated close stylistic correspondence in both small finds (particularly the late Sasanian pottery) and architecture between Lalar and other centers dating to the late Sasanian until 9th century AD. In addition, Lalar’s architecture attests to a purely functional style absolutely lacking in any sort of decorations; a discrete, evanescent but massive constructional level presumably without any precedent or succedent. One may link Lalar to the end of the Sasanian period, which was marred by political instability caused by the failures of the ruling dynasty and the incursion of Muslim Arabs from the west. This resulted in the abandonment of once-thriving cities and the resettlement of populations in remote regions, as part of military restructuring in preparation for impending battles. Yet, the dynasty’s eventual downfall and the dominance of the Muslim invaders would lead to the desertion of such settlements (or perhaps temporary barracks). This paper draws on the data from fresh excavations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Central Zagros
  • Seymareh River
  • Sasanian Architecture
  • Lalar

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پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران
دوره 15، شماره 45
شماره انگلیسی
1404
صفحه 133-155

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