مطالعۀ پتروگرافی سفال‌های مس‌وسنگ جدید و مفرغ قدیم تپه گوراب ملایر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه نیشابور، خراسان رضوی، ایران.

2 دکترای باستان‌شناسی، پژوهشگر آزاد، ایران

3 استادیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران.

4 کارشناس اداره کل میراث‌فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع استان همدان، همدان، ایران

چکیده

تپه گوراب ملایر از محوطه‌های مهم ایران در دوران پیش‌ازتاریخ است که در شهرستان ملایر استان همدان قرار دارد. برخلاف تپه گودین، در تپه گوراب، گذار از دورۀ مس‌وسنگ به دورۀ مفرغ بدون گسست بوده و داده‌های عصر مفرغ آن از نوع فرهنگ کورا-ارس است. فرهنگی با پهنۀ جغرافیایی گسترده که تبیین علت و نحوۀ گسترش آن از مسائل جذاب باستان‌شناسی است. پتروگرافی که از روش‌های علمی مورداستفاده در علوم زمین‌شناختی است؛ براساس خصیصه‌های نوری هر کانی اقدام به شناسایی کانی‌ها می‌کند. یافته‌های سفالی تپه گوراب فرصتی مناسب فراهم کرد تا گذار از مس‌وسنگ جدید به مفرغ قدیم که موضوع مورد بحث مهمی در باستان‌شناسی ارزیابی کرد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر درک ساختار کانی‌های سفال‌های تپه گوراب با تأکید بر گذار از مس‌وسنگ جدید به مفرغ قدیم و درک تأثیرگذار و تغییرات فرهنگی بر ساختار سفال‌های محوطه است. پرسش‌های پژوهش حاضر عبارتنداز: ساختار کانی‌ها در دوره‌های مس‌وسنگ و مفرغ شامل کدام کانی هستند و نشانگر چه نوع ساختار زمین‌شناسی هستند؟ گذار و تغییر فرهنگی چه تأثیر بر ساختار سفال داشته‌اند و در صورت تغییر، این رخ‌داد را چگونه می‌توان در بافت و بستر نظریات باستان‌شناسی تفسیر کرد؟ مطالعه به روش پتروگرافی بر روی 20 نمونه سفال به‌دست آمده از کاوش که 10 نمونۀ آن از دورۀ مس‌وسنگ جدید و 10 نمونۀ آن از کورا-ارس است، نشان‌داد سفال‌های تپه گوراب در گذار از مس‌وسنگ جدید به مفرغ دچار تغییرات عمده در بافت شده است و اگرچه تولید این سفال‌ها در منطقه صورت گرفته است، اما منابع خاک و تکنیک ساخت دچار تغییرات اساسی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A petrographic Study of Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Pottery Found at Gourab Tepe

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parastoo Masjedi 1
  • Mostafa Khazaie 2
  • Esmail Hemati Azandaryani 3
  • Ali Khaksar 4
1 Associate Professor,Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Neyshabur, Khorasan Razavi, Iran.
2 PhD in Archaeology, Freelance Researcher, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
4 Expert of the General Department of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Industries of Hamedan Province, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Gourab Tepe is one of Iran’s most important prehistoric sites, located in the city of Malayar in the province of Hamedan. Unlike Godin Tepe, Gourab’s transition from the Late Chalcolithic period to the Early Bronze Age was without any ruptures, and the Bronze Age artifacts found there belong to the Kura-Araxes culture, a culture covering a vast geographical area whose wide spread through the region and the reasons for their expansion have been subjects of great fascination to archeologists. Petrography is a scientific method used in the geological sciences to identify minerals based on their optical properties. The pottery found on Gourab Tepe provides an incredible opportunity to study the transition from the Late Chalcolithic period to the Early Bronze Age, which in itself is an important topic of discussion for archaeology. This article aims to understand the makeup of the minerals present in the pottery found on Gourab Tepe and analyze the transition from the Late Chalcolithic period to the Early Bronze Age to understand the influence of cultural changes on the structure, texture, and makeup of the pottery in the region. Research questions include: Which minerals are present in the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age potteries, and what does their presence signify about the geological structure of the region? What effect did the Cultural transition and change have on the structures of potteries, and in the case of these changes, how can we interpret and analyze this phenomenon from an archeological standpoint? The petrographic study analyzing 20 samples—10 of which were from the Late Chalcolithic period and 10 of Kura-Araxes origin—showed that the Gourab Tepe potteries underwent significant structural changes from the Late Chalcolithic period to the Early Bronze Age, and whilst these potteries were produced in the same region, the clay and the pottery-making techniques used had fundamental differences.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gourab Tepe
  • Late Chalcolithic Period
  • Early Bronze Age
  • Petrography

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پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران
دوره 13، شماره 37
شهریور 1402
صفحه 127-147

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