نوسنگی جدید در کوهپایه‌های زاگرس: مدارک جدید از محوطۀ رِم‌رمه، دشت مهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

باستان‌شناسی دورۀ نوسنگی در زاگرس‌مرکزی تاکنون متمرکز بر مطالعۀ شروع اهلی‌سازی و زندگی یکجانشینی بوده است. این درحالی است که توجه به توسعه و تداوم فرهنگی در بعد از آن طی دورۀ نوسنگی جدید (نوسنگی باسفال) ناکافی بوده و دانش ما عمدتاً همچنان مبتنی‌بر پژوهش‌هایی است که در سال‌های 70-1960م.، به‌ویژه در نواحی کوهپایه‌ای به‌عنوان «منطقۀ انتقال» یا حدفاصل زاگرس و بین‌النهرین صورت گرفته است. در این‌راستا، ماهیت برهم‌کنش‌های فرهنگی در سطوح محلی و منطقه‌ای از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. هم‌چنین دلایل احتمالی که منجر به اتمام دورۀ نوسنگی در منطقه شده، هنوز ناشناخته است؛ از این‌رو، کاوش جدید و البته مختصر در محوطۀ نوسنگی رم‌رمه در دشت مهران توانسته است به مطالعۀ بهتر این مسائل کمک کند. براساس نتایج تاریخ‌گذاری و نیز با توجه به سفال‌های به‌دست آمده می‌توان گفت که این محوطه حاوی یک توالی کامل از هزارۀ هفتم پیش‌ازمیلاد بوده که تاکنون مورد کاوش لایه‌نگاری قرار گرفته است. شواهد یافت شده نشان می‌دهند که بخش مرکزی محوطه حاوی بقایای نوسنگی جدید مشابه با دشت دهلران است؛ درحالی‌که بخش شرقی آن دارای ترکیبی از سفال‌های اواخر نوسنگی منطقه در کنار سفال‌های سبک حسونا و سامرا است. به‌نظر می‌رسد سنت‌های فرهنگی محلی دورۀ نوسنگی تا پایان هزارۀ هفتم پیش‌ازمیلاد حفظ‌شده تا این‌که عناصر مربوط به حسونا و سامرا به‌ترتیب و به‌تدریج وارد منطقه شده‌اند؛ اما بعد از چند قرن هم‌زیستی بین این سنت‌های بومی و غیربومی، مواد فرهنگی موسوم به «سامرای جدید» یا «دورۀ انتقالی چغامامی»، به‌ویژه سفال‌های با نقوش سیاه بر زمینۀ نخودی، در سراسر دشت مهران و دیگر دشت‌های مجاور در جنوب‌غرب ایران رایج شده‌اند. این رویداد پایان دورۀ نوسنگی را در منطقه رقم‌زده است، هرچند ماهیت این گذار یا جابه‌جایی فرهنگی بحث برانگیز است. به‌هرحال، یافته‌های رم‌رمه به درک بهتر ما از برهم‌کنش و توسعۀ فرهنگی طی دورۀ نوسنگی جدید در مناطق مرزی و بینابینی کوهپایه‌ای کمک خواهد کرد.     

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Late Neolithic in the Central Zagros Foothills: New Evidence from Remremeh, Mehran Plain

نویسنده [English]

  • Hojjat Darabi
Associate Professor, Department of Archeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

As far as the Neolithic period is concerned, the focus of research has been on the study of the early domestication and sedentary life throughout the central Zagros. However, insufficient attention is paid to later developments during the late Neolithic, and our current knowledge is largely based on the investigations of the 1960-70s, especially those carried out in the foothills which played a role as a ‘transition zone’ between Mesopotamia and the Zagros. In this context, the nature of cultural interactions in local and regional contexts is of particular importance. Moreover, the probable reasons that brought an end to the Neolithic way of life in the region are not yet known. The new, brief excavations at the site of Remremeh in the Mehran Plain have therefore shed new light on these issues. So far, as attested by AMS dates and ceramic analysis, a long sequence from the 7th to the 6th millennium BC has been excavated at the site. Accordingly, the central part of the site contains the late Neolithic remains with artifacts similar to the Deh Luran plain while the eastern part yielded a combination of local late Neolithic and Hassuna and late Samarra materials. It seems that the local Neolithic materials and thus the traditions were preserved until the end of the 7th millennium BC when Hassuna and Samarra elements were introduced to the region, respectively. After a few centuries of coexistence of local and Mesopotamian entities, the so-called late Samarran or Chogha Mami Transitional (CMT) materials, especially the black-on-buff ware, dominated the Mehran plain and other nearby lowlands in southwestern Iran. This may mark the end of the Neolithic period in the region, although the nature of this cultural transition or replacement remains controversial. However, to date, the finds from the site would help with better understanding of the cultural development and interaction in the borderland foothills over the late Neolithic. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Late Neolithic
  • Central Zagros Foothills
  • Remremeh
  • Mesopotamia
  • Cultural Interactions

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پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران
دوره 13، شماره 37
شهریور 1402
صفحه 35-59

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