بررسی جایگاه مهندسی ژئوماتیک در کاربردهای میراث فرهنگی – باستان شناسی و معماری

Geomatics engineering and its  methods as a set of most efficient ways in geometrical measuring, analyzing and interpreting the issues in the field of cultural heritage have shed light on the way the professionals and experts are looking for to solve the problems. The importance of this science can be paid attention to in determining the scientific branches consisting of photogrammetry ,remote sensing , scan laser , land survey and geographical information system in different fields of cultural heritage such as documentation ,architecture , archeology and restoration  as the most pivotal points in this paper which are sought for in terms of accuracy in final products , time and cost of production , storage and management of information. The issue of geometrical measurements such as those in research and executive matters of cultural heritage are considered important .the necessity to locate the situation of features , awareness of physical conditions and environment topography of surrounding sites , providing the maps of site plan, and profiles of feature profiles , producing the geometrical models of restoration and reconstructing cultural and historical objects are among the applications which make the importance of geometrical measurements more obvious.
This is a descriptive-analytic research based on library data and content analysis. in this study, public documents and first hand sources such as face to face interview with the officials involved and scientific validated books were used to extract the information along with specialized magazine and international websites. This paper aims to determine the most important parameters raised in each of applications regarding the requirement, definition and applied flowcharts in units and organizations related to cultural heritage. In fact, through the photogrammetric  measurement, we can obtain a network model in GIS as a new method to use the application of archeological data .If 3-dimensional dependence between the fields can bring about simpler understanding and completion of descriptive data so that spatial analysis tools in GIS can interpret the field data having been taken ,the hypotheses proposed can be regarded as the following: Regarding the researchers done ,it can be said that geomatics engineering can play a role in cultural heritage applications including excavations or dating the objects .it seems that geomatics engineering can be used as a science of collecting data, interpretation and analysis of data particularly in the earth surface and modeling and management of reference data in cultural heritage. Generally, geomatics science is related to feature and structure of spatial data, methods of collection, organization, classification, quality control, management analysis and presentation of data along with a system to use the data.
The comparison of traditional methods with modern methods, presenting approaches and measures and methods responding the needs through geomatics science methods and paving the grounds to standardize these methods are achievements which this paper attempts to derive for experts and researchers to use in their field studies.
Geomatics is related to a wide range of sciences, each of which can be used for displaying an image of physical world, including remote sensing, photogrammetry, surveying, GIS, global position system, environment, underground resource management, land survey, sustainable development, coast management, and urban planning. Geomatics can be used in archeology to attain accurate and exact results.
Investigating the stance of geomatics in the application of cultural heritage as the main focus of this research leads us to assess the grounds of cultural heritage in which there is the possibility of geometrical measurements by the methods of geomatics engineering .Integrating the enriched visual models with descriptive data is applicable if we can access the tools of spatial analysis with GIS support following the field operations and lab works. This can help the students to get the profound understanding of archeology.